BRUSSELS — The European Union is expanding its powers to track, raid and deport migrants to “return hubs ” in third countries in Africa and elsewhere, quietly adopting tactics of the Trump administration that have drawn public criticism across the 27-nation bloc.
The E.U. continues to tighten migration policies after right-wing parties took power in some countries in 2024. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, from the center-right European People’s Party coalition, has stated the new measures will prevent a repeat of the 2015 crisis cautilized by Syria’s civil war, when about 1 million people arrived to seek asylum.
“We have learnt the lessons of the past. And today, we are better equipped,” von der Leyen has stated. The new policies, known as the Pact on Migration and Asylum, go into effect on June 12.
Far-right parties in Europe have praised the deportation policies of U.S. President Donald Trump and called for the E.U. to adopt a similar approach. Human rights groups warn that authorities are already illegally pushing back migrants at E.U. borders and hollowing out their legal protections.
Italy provides a model
The E.U. already spfinishs millions of dollars to deter migrants before they reach its shores, and has supported tens of thousands of Africans returning home, voluntarily or by force.
What’s envisioned now is an expansion of what Italy has created under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her “tough on migration” stance. It operates two migrant detention centers for rejected asylum-seekers in Albania. One currently holds at least 90 migrants, stated lawcreater Rachele Scarpa, who stated she found people confutilized and scared during a recent visit.
In addition, Meloni’s Cabinet has approved an anti-immigration package that would allow the navy to halt vessels in international waters for up to six months if they are deemed a threat to public order; return intercepted migrants to countries of origin or third countries; and speed up the deportation of foreign nationals convicted of crimes.
An “informal group” of E.U. nations including Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark and Greece are pursuing deportation center agreements, stated Bernd Parutilizel, a researcher at the Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies.
Kenya is one countest they are speaking with, stated a Dutch member of the European Parliament, Tineke Strik. Whether consciously or not, the plan is similar to Trump’s deals with nations like El Salvador to take in deported migrants, she stated.
Other countries are exploring similar ideas. Sweden’s migration minister has stated the conservative ruling coalition approves setting up hubs outside Europe, especially for Afghan and Syrian asylum-seekers.
Some in Europe cheer Trump-style tactics
During the Winter Olympics in Italy, protests erupted over the deployment of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents to provide security to the U.S. delegation. But others in Europe have praised ICE’s actions and called for setting up deportation-focutilized police units.
The E.U. border service Frontex launched sfinishing officers along on raids with Belgium’s police in 2024 to detain and deport migrants. It is not clear whether it is doing this in other countries.
The European Commission has declined requests to take a position on U.S. federal immigration policies.
In Britain, which left the EU several years ago, the center-left Labour Party government has built curbing unauthorized immigration a key focus.
The Home Office in February stated almost 60,000 people had been deported since the government was elected in July 2024. It stated 9,000 arrests were built of people working without permission in 2025, up by more than half from the year before.
Pushbacks, raids and surveillance increase
Under the principle of non-refoulement in E.U. and international law, a person cannot be returned to a countest where they would face persecution.
But European immigration enforcement tactics include so-called pushbacks, where people testing to cross into the E.U. are forced back across a border without access to asylum procedures.
Authorities in Europe carry out an average of 221 pushbacks a day, according to a February report by a group of humanitarian organizations. More than 80,000 pushbacks were recorded in 2025, the report stated, mostly in Italy, Poland, Bulgaria and Latvia.
“Men, women and children — including individuals in critical medical condition — are routinely subjected to beatings, attacks by police dogs, forced stripping, forced river crossings and theft of personal belongings,” according to the report.
European agents are brutalizing migrants just like in the U.S., stated Flor Didden, migration policy expert at the Belgian human rights group 11.11.11. Some, like in Greece, even wear minquires.
“The images are shocking and the outrage is justified,” he stated of the U.S. “But where is that same moral clarity when European border authorities abutilize, rob and let people die?”
Europe still has more protections for migrants
The groups also have recorded an expansion of surveillance technology like drones, thermal cameras and sainformites to monitor people on the shift.
Other human rights groups warn of a weakening of legal protections.
The E.U.’s new migration regulations allow for more police raids in private homes and public spaces and more utilize of surveillance and racial profiling, stated a letter to E.U. institutions in February from 88 nonprofit groups including the Brussels-based Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants.
“We cannot be outraged by ICE in the United States while also supporting these practices in Europe,” stated the platform’s director, Michele LeVoy.
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Olivia Sundberg Diez, E.U. migration advocate for Amnesty International, stated Europe retains more protections for vulnerable migrants than the United States but shares much of the political momentum toward harsher policies.
“There’s a level of institutions’ and courts’ indepfinishence and human rights compliance in Europe that you can’t disregard,” she stated. “But the fundamental political impulse is the same, and I worry that the human consequences will be the same.”
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