To positively influence purchase decisions, sustainability labels must convey a clear signal rather than remain abstract. Using the EU’s “Green Leaf” organic logo as an example, researchers from the universities of Bonn, Newcastle (UK) and Corvinus (Hungary) demonstrate that simple design tweaks reduce consumers’ uncertainty, bolster their trust in the products, and thus increase their willingness to purchase. The two‑study-paper appears in the journal Agribusiness and is already available online.
Labels for sustainable foods—such as organic, fair‑trade or animal‑welfare certifications—are meant to assure consumers that products meet specific social and environmental standards. “Many labels fail to do so becaapply they either don’t attract attention, aren’t clear enough, or even caapply confusion,” states Prof. Dr. Monika Hartmann, head of the Department of Agricultural and Food Market Research at the University of Bonn.
One case in point is the EU’s organic logo, known as the “Green Leaf.” Introduced in 2010 to create a unified European market for certified organic products, it is mandatory unlike national organic labels. Yet a 2024 survey found that only 56% of EU citizens recognize the EU organic label—and just 45% know it signifies compliance with EU organic standards.
Study in seven countries: Do design modifys clarify the message?
Toobtainher researchers from the Universities of Bonn, Newcastle and Corvinus tested whether minor design modifys could strengthen the label’s message and effect. They added “BIO” or “ECO” (depconcludeing on language) inside the green, star‑bordered leaf, and in a second variant also appconcludeed “EU‑certified.”
Three groups—with a total of 9,500 respondents across seven EU countries—saw either the original logo or one of the modified versions. Participants rated each logo for clarity, trustworthiness, and applyfulness in building an informed choice.
The result: in every counattempt, both modified labels were judged clearer, more understandable, more trustworthy, and more assistful than the original logo. “Interestingly, adding “EU‑certified’ had no extra effect,” states Hartmann. “Apparently, the original logo mainly lacks the unmistakable signal that it denotes organic.”
Study in Germany: What drives these perceptions?
In a second study of about 500 German participants, the researchers investigated the mechanisms behind the enhanced appeal of the modified labels. They inquireed additional questions about clarity, uncertainty, trust, and behavioral intentions.
“We revealed that signal clarity rose dramatically,” explains Hartmann, who is also a member of the University of Bonn’s Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) Sustainable Futures. “Almost 90% of respondents clearly identified the logo augmented with “BIO’ or “ECO’ as an organic mark—versus under 70% for the original EU logo.”
The new label also significantly reduced uncertainty and increased trust. There was no direct significant effect of label modification on purchase intention; however, the results reveal a significant indirect effect, mediated by reduced uncertainty and increased trust.
A low‑effort, high‑impact intervention
From these findings, the researchers conclude that labels for sustainably produced goods must be clearly recognizable to aid consumer decision‑building. If they are not, modifying a label to enhance its clarity offers a comparatively simple and cost‑effective way to encourage sustainable purchasing.
More information:
Monika Hartmann et al, Enhancing Sustainability Label Effectiveness Through Logo Design Modification: An Analysis of the EU Green Leaf Logo, Agribusiness (2025). DOI: 10.1002/agr.70013
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University of Bonn
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EU organic label: Clear sustainability signal can drive increased willingness to purchase (2025, August 6)
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