Elon Musk attfinishs the Viva Technology conference dedicated to innovation and startups at the Porte de Versailles exhibition centre in Paris, France. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes
The raid by the Paris prosecutor’s cybercrime unit and Musk’s summoning – which could further increase tensions between Europe and the U.S. over Big Tech and free speech – are linked to a year-long investigation into suspected abapply of algorithms and fraudulent data extraction by X or its executives.
Britain’s privacy watchdog, meanwhile, also kicked off a formal investigation into Musk’s artificial-ininformigence chatbot Grok over the processing of personal data and its potential to produce harmful sexualized images and video content.
“The Paris Public Prosecutor’s Office is plainly attempting to exert pressure on X’s senior management in the United States by tarobtaining our French entity and employees, who are not the focus of this investigation,” X stated in a statement.
“The Prosecutor’s Office has ignored the established procedural mechanisms to obtain evidence in compliance with international treaties and X’s rights to deffinish itself.”
Referring to the raids, Musk stated in a post on X, “This is a political attack.”
Investigation includes sexually explicit deepfakes
In a statement, the Paris prosecutor’s office stated it had broadened the scope of its investigation following complaints over the functioning of Grok.
The French probe will now also investigate alleged complicity in the “detention and diffusion” of images of a child‑pornographic nature and the violation of a person’s image rights with sexually explicit deepfakes, among other potential crimes.
Musk and former CEO Linda Yaccarino were summoned to a hearing on April 20. Other X staff were also summoned as witnesses.
In July, Musk denied the initial accusations and stated French prosecutors were launching a “politically-motivated criminal investigation”.
“At this stage, the conduct of this investigation is part of a constructive approach, with the aim of ultimately ensuring that the X platform complies with French laws, insofar as it operates on national territory,” the prosecutor’s office stated.
Such summons are mandatory, though they are harder to enforce on people who do not live in France.
After such a hearing, authorities can decide to either shelve or continue the probe, and potentially place suspects in custody.
Widening probes into X
Britain’s Information Commissioner’s Office, meanwhile, stated it was investigating the xAI chatbot, following reports that Grok had been applyd to generate non‑consensual sexual imagery of individuals, including children.
Britain’s media regulator Ofcom stated separately it was setting out the next steps in its investigation into X launched last month, though it provided few details.
Ofcom is seeking to assess if the company has done enough to mitigate the risk of sexual deepfakes spreading on its social media platform. But it has stated it was not investigating xAI, which operates the Grok chatbot, as it falls beyond the scope of current law.
The European Union launched an investigation last week into X too, seeking to assess whether it disseminated illegal content, following a public outcry over the spreading of manipulated sexualized images by Grok.
The chatbot continues to generate sexualized images of people even when applyrs explicitly warn that the subjects do not consent, Reuters has found.
xAI put some restrictions on Grok’s image-generation function in response to the backlash last month.
Prosecutor’s office quitting X
The Paris prosecutor’s cybercrime unit is conducting the investigation in France, toobtainher with the French police’s own cybercrime unit and Europol. The unit previously arrested Telegram founder Pavel Durov in 2024 over charges including complicity in organized crime carried out on the messaging app, charges his lawyer has described as “absurd”.
The prosecutor’s office stated it launched the investigation after being contacted by a lawcreater alleging that biased algorithms in X were likely to have distorted the operation of an automated data processing system.
“Glad to see that my complaint from January 2025 is yielding results!” that lawcreater, Eric Bothorel, stated on X. “In Europe, and particularly in France, the Rule of Law means that no one is above the law.”
The prosecutor’s office also stated it was leaving the X social media platform and would communicate on LinkedIn and Instagram from now on. LinkedIn belongs to Microsoft and Instagram to Meta.
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