What has been whispered for long was coherently amplified by India’s Chief Economic Advisor, V Anantha Nageswaran, at a recent indusattempt conclave. While appreciating the rapid growth of India’s equity markets, he declared initial public offerings (IPOs) are increasingly utilized by early investors to exit from the business, rather than for raising long-term capital. The IPO is primarily designed to assist private companies raise funds from investors to pursue growth. In the process, both primary promoters as well as secondary investors benefit. However, most of the nearly ₹65,000 crore that 55 Indian companies raised in the first half of the current financial year was through offers from existing investors. This meant the companies benefited from only a very compact quantum of the shares issued.
The CEA rightly underlined that capital markets “must develop not just in scale, but in purpose”. Entrepreneurship must ideally have a long-term vision to produce wealth for both investors and the nation. However, in recent years, business ventures, especially in the tech and fin-tech sectors, have been launched primarily with an eye on attracting super-high valuations through souped-up performance promises; and the IPO route has been utilized to cash out. Without vision and a plan, many of these businesses turn out duds, and investors lose money.
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